Why organic Dairy Farming?
Demerits of conventional farming
 Artificial herbicides and fertilizers are easily washed away from soil , polluting lakes , rivers and water courses result in Eutrophication & Biomagnification in aquatic organisms:
 The long term use of artificial fertilizers results in soils with low organic matter content ,which is prone to erosion by rain and wind
 Increased dependency on artificial fertilizers: deteriorate the soil microorganisms
 It becomes difficult to control pests and diseases as they become resistant to artificial pesticides
 Increased extinction of preying birds eg. eagle
 Adverse effects on wildlife
 Environmental imbalance

IN HUMANS
 Toxic residues causes skin reactions and allergic sensitization
 Disturbance of endocrine system
 Unfavourable effects on nervous system
 Carcinogenicity
 Prolonged exposure to small amount of pesticides residues in food commodities can lead to :
- Suppression of immunity
- Spontaneous abortion and increase in miscarriages
-Initiation of early puberty in girls

HORMONE IMBALANCE
I. Interference with hormone synthesis—some pesticides such as Fenarimol , Prochloraz and other fungicides posses the ability to inhibit estrogen biosynthesis through CYP19 aromatase inhibition by preventing conversion of androgens to estrogens Thiram , Sodium N-methyl dithiocarbamate are known to suppress the dopamine –beta- hydroxylase leading to reduced conversion of dopamine to norephinephrine. it leads to changes in catecholamine activity in hypothalamus which leads to LH surge and finally ovulation
 Interference with hormone storage and release—the formamidine pesticides chlordimeform and amitraz have been reported to block NE binding to the 2 andrenoreceptors which is important for preovulatory surge and therefore it delays ovulation
 Interference with hormone transport and clearance– DDT analogs are potent inducers of hepatic microsomal monoxygenase activity which degrades endogenous androgens

 Antibiotic resistance is a global health problem concern – from sewage sludge and animal manure. It may increase antibiotic resistance due to presence of antibiotic resistance bacteria , antibiotics and ARG’S . These ARG’S may enter the food chain via contaminated crops and potentially transfer horizontally into animal or human pathogens – increasing the risk that pathogen will acquire resistance to therapeutic antibiotics

Need to go back to Organic farming
Following are the reasons to switch to organic farming…
 Produce of organic farming is free of noxious chemicals which can harm our health
 To save endangered species eg eagle got extinct due to biomagnification of DDT
 It is cost effective. Manure can be easily made by using waste material such as cow dung and tree leaves
 To reduce water pollution caused by washing of fertilizers and pesticides into the water bodies

Organic Farming is a sustainable farming
 It makes all input from natural materials, observes the law of nature and respects the rights of crops and livestock.
 Organic farming is based on the nature, free of human meddling and intervention. It strives to restore nature from the destruction wrought by human knowledge and action
 It is farming with nature and without using chemicals and fertilizers

WHY ORGANIC FARMING?

Bioaccumulation :It is a gradual build up of chemicals in living organisms. The chemical accumulates because it does not break down easily and gets stored in fat cells of organisms and cause serious problems in livestock and human. Concentration of these chemicals magnifies as it moves up the food chain.


Commonly used pesticides:
Malathion ,Monocrotophos ,Endosulfan ,Aldrin ,Dicofol ,Sodium nitrate ,Potassium nitrate , Carbamate ,Dioxin ,Ziram ,Hydro carbon ,Phenol derivatives ,etc. concentrate in food chain.




MINIMIZING PESTICIDE BIOACCUMULATION
1. By alternative pest management technology (biocontrol).
2. By opting for organic methods of farming and production.
3. By judicious and proper use of pesticides.
4. By integrated pest management.