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SANITATION IN DIARY FARM :
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Sanitation is necessary in the dairy farm houses for elimination of all micro-organism that are capable of causing disease in the animals. The presence of organisms in the animal shed contaminates the milk produced thus reducing its shelf life, milk produced in an unclean environment is likely to transmit diseases which affect human health.

Cleaning of animal sheds: The easy and quick method of cleaning animal house is with liberal use of tap water, proper lifting and disposes all of dung and used straw bedding, providing drainage, to the animal house for complete removal of liquid waste and urine.

Sanitizers: Sunlight is the most potent and powerful sanitizer which destroy most of the disease producing organism. Disinfection of animal sheds means making these free from disease producing bacteria and is mainly-carried out by sprinkling chemical agents such as Bleaching Powder, Iodine and Iodophore, sodium carbonate, Washing soda, Slaked Lime (Calcium hydroxide), Quick Lime (Calcium oxide) and Phenol.
  1. Bleaching powder: This is also called calcium hypochloride. It contains upto 39 % available chlorine which has high disinfecting activity.
  2. Iodine & iodophores: This is commercially available as lodophores and contains between 1 and 2 % available Iodine which is an effective germicide.
  3. Sodium carbonate: A hot 4 % solution of washing soda is a powerful disinfectant against many viruses and certain bacteria.
  4. Slaked lime and quick lime: White washing with these agents makes the walls of the sheds and the water troughs free from bacteria.
  5. Phenol: Phenol or carbolic acid is a very potent disinfectant which destroys bacteria as well as fungus.
  6. Insecticides: Insecticides are the substances or preparations used for killing insects. In order to control flies and disease transmitting ticks, insecticides are used in dairy farms. Ticks usually hide in cracks and crevices of the walls and mangers. Smaller quantities of insecticide solutions are required for spraying. Liquid insecticides can be applied with a powerful sprayer- hand sprayer, a sponge or brush, commonly used insecticides are BHC, DDT, Gamaxane wettable powders, malathion, surriithion, Sevin 50 % emusifying concentration solutions. These are highly poisonous and need to be handled carefully and should not come in contact with food material, drinking, water, milk etc.
Precautions while using disinfection Insecticide.
  • Remove dung and used bedding completely.
  • Avoid spilling of dung and used bedding while carrying it out.
  • Avoid the use of dirty water in cleaning the sheds.
  • Never put the fresh fodder over the previous day’s left over fodder in the manger.
  • Prevent algae to grow in the water troughs.
  • Use proper concentration of disinfectant / insecticide solutions to avoid any toxic effects poisoning.
  • Avoid of the mat the milking time as milk absorbs these quickly.
Detergents and disinfectants:
  • Detergents increase the 'wetting' potential over the surfaces to be cleaned, displace milk deposits, dissolve milk protein, emulsify the fat and aid the removal of dirt.
  • Detergent effectiveness is usually increased with increasing water temperature, and by using the correct concentration and time of application.
  • An inexpensive mixture can be made to give a concentration in solution of 0.25% sodium carbonate (washing soda) and 0.05% polyphosphate (Calgon).
  • Disinfectants are required to destroy the bacteria remaining and subsequently multiplying on the cleaned surfaces.
  • The alternatives are either heat applied as hot water or chemicals.
  • When hot water alone is used, it is best to begin the routine with water at not less than 85°C, so that a temperature of at least 77°C can be maintained for at least 2 minutes.
  • If any concentrated detergent and/or disinfectant come in contact with the skin or eyes the affected area should be washed immediately with copious amounts of clean water.
Milking premises:
The milking premises should have a dairy or suitable place equipped with a piped hot and cold water supply, a wash trough, brushes, a work surface, storage racks and cupboards and, if necessary, a vacuum pipeline connection.

Daily routines:
  • Coolers, either the corrugated surface or the turbine in-can, can best be cleaned and disinfected manually and stored in the dairy to drain.
  • Refrigerated bulk milk tanks can be cleaned either manually using cold or warm detergent/disinfectant solutions, or for the larger tanks, by automatic, programmed equipment. In either case, cold water chlorinated (50ppm) rinse proceeds and follows the washing solution.
  • Foremilk cups can be a potent source of bacterial contamination and need to be cleaned and disinfected after each milking. They should then be stored in the dairy to drain.
  • It is important with any method of cleaning that the equipment is drained as soon as possible after washing for storage between milking.
  • Equipment with poor milk contact surfaces, crevices and large number of joints, remaining wet between milking in ambient temperatures above 20°C, should receive a disinfectant rinse (50ppm available chlorine) before milking begins.

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Developed by :
Jaspal Singh
(Ex. M.V.Sc Scholar )		  Dr. Pranav Kumar
(Assistant Professor) 		Amandeep Singh
(Final Year B.V.Sc & AH student)
Division of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R.S. Pura, SKUAST Jammu