Hariana Bull		Hariana Cattle

Hariana is one of the most important breeds of cattle in India known all over the country as a first class dual purpose breed. The Hariana cattle are produced more or less in pure form in certain parts of Punjab, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The Hariana, a Bos indicus breed used for draft purposes in northern India where they are found. They are well suited to fast road work, being able to pull a one ton load at 2 miles per hour and cover 20 miles a day. While females are kept primarily for breeding of oxen, they are also milked. Hariana cattle are proportionately built and are compact. The bulls are good workers. The breed belongs to the shorthorn type of zebu and is grey or white.

1. Species: Cattle
2. Synonyms: Hansi, Haryanvi, Hissari.
3. Habitat: This is a medium heavy type of dual-purpose breed found in Rohtak, Karnal, Hissar, Gurgaon district of Haryana, and the Union Territory of Delhi and in West Uttar Pradesh.
4. Breeding tract: It is bred particularly in the districts of Rohtak, Hissar, Jind, Karnal, Gurgaon, and Karnal of Haryana State and the Union Territory of Delhi.
5. Soil and Climate: The soil, in general, is firm clay. In Rohtak district it is mostly light-colored alluvial loam, and in Hissar, soft loam with reddish tinge, interspersed with sand and clay. In some areas, sand hills are present. All soils give excellent crop returns when irrigated. The climate of Haryana State is relatively dry, average annual rainfall being about 46 cm. Rain usually occur during the months of July, August and September. During the summer months, day temperatures may go as high as 46°C, whereas in winters (December, January and February) the minimum and maximum temperatures may approximately be 5° and 24°C respectively.
6. Main utility: Food - Milk; Work - Draught and Transport
7. Origin: It was originated from Rohtak, Hisar, Jind and Gurgaon districts of Haryana.
8. Distribution: In India, the cattle is present in northern as well southern parts of the country like Orissa, Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh.

1. Colour: The popular color is white or light grey. In some of the males, the head, neck, hump and quarters are dark grey. This color changes to white after castration.
2. Number of Horns : 2.
3. Shape of Horns: Horns are small in size, arched, tapers upward.
4. Visible characteristics: White color, long and narrow face, well marked bony prominence at the centre of poll and small horns.

1. Body : Whitish to grayish white.
2. Body Size : Medium size well proportionate compact body confirmation.
3. Forehead : The long and narrow face with flat forehead and a well-marked bony prominence at the centre of the poll are the indications of purity of breed.
4. Horns : Horns are fine and rather short or of moderate length. Generally they are 10 to 23 cm in length and thinner in females than in males. They are more or less horizontal when short, and as they grow longer they curve upwards and inwards.
5. Temperament : The animal need to be trained at early age for draught purposes.
6. Face : Face is long and narrow with a flat or slightly convex forehead. The muzzle is black and nostrils are wide.
7. Ears: Ears are small, active and slightly pendulous.
8. Dewlap : Dewlap is small, thin and free from fleshy folds, but fairly large in bulls. Chest is well developed with a wide brisket.
9. Udder: Udder is capacious and extends well forward with a well-developed milk vein. The teats are medium sized and proportionate in size; the fore-teats being longer than the hind ones.
10. Hump : Hump is large in males but decreases after castration. It is medium sized in females.

1. Management System: Semi-Intensive
2. Mobility: Stationary
3. Feeding of adults: Grazing, Fodder and Concentrate
4. Housing: No special requirement of housing. The cattle are let loose for grazing in an open pasture. The working bulls are kept tied with basic housing facilities.
5. Feeding system: Grazing, Stall feeding for working bulls.
6. Feeds to be fed: Animals are allowed to graze on crop residues, grasses, weeds,etc. Calves are not weaned. Since Hariana cows are mainly reared for producing bullocks, greater attention is paid to rearing of male calves than of female calves. High yielding cows, bullocks and young males given green fodder and concentrate in addition to grazing.
7. Feeding of concentrates: 2kg/day for working bullocks, 1kg/2kg milk at the time of milking.
8. Feeding of roughages: 1/10^th of body weight per day.
9. Milking: should be done twice a day, however thrice a day milking gives higher milk yield.
10. Milking practice: Full hand milking should be done. Avoid knuckling.
11. Milk let down time: 4-5 minutes.
12. Draughtability: Hariana bulls are known for their draughtability and traction power. Bullocks are only harnessed in the cooler hours during morning and evening. Males are castrated at 3 years of age.

• Peculiarity of the breed:
  The main focus is given on the production of calves by using artificial insemination due to their ability of fast road transport and fast ploughing.