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ECONOMICS OF SMALL SCALE BROILER FARMING
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However it takes small investment to start the enterprise but with successive crops of broilers, one can harvest enormous amount of profit from it. The simple profit balance statement for 100 broiler birds is detailed below which will be understandable to the village farmers;
  1. Buildings: @ Rs. 20 per sq. ft.
    a) Broiler shed (brooding to be done in it only) 100 sq. ft.Rs. 2000.00
  2. Equipments: @ Rs. 1 per bird Rs. 1000.00
    a) Electricity bulbs (200W)
    b) Feeders (10 in number) 2 ft. long
    c) Waterers (earthern pots can be used too) (10 in number)
    d) Miscellaneous items like buckets, vaccines, antibiotics, vitamin supplement, etc
  3. Cost of broiler chicks @ Rs. 20/chick (unsubsidized rate) 105 chicks Rs. 2100.00
    4. (5 extra chicks to compensate for mortality)
  4. Feed costupto 28 days for 100 chicks @ 1 kg compound feed per chick Rs. 2800.00 (The given is unsubsidized rate and feed can also be fulfilled by the sources described in the feeding part of this manual)
  5. Litter material (considered to be already present free of cost)nil.
  6. Contingency charges Rs. 500.00
    Total capital required Rs. 8400.00

    Here we are not counting depreciation on buildings and the equipments as it will be very marginal.
Income:
  1. Sale of 100 broilers having body weight of 1kg/bird @ Rs. 90/kg Rs. 9000.00
  2. Cost of litter produced by 100 birds is not added here as it to be used by the farmer in fields.
Profit:

Here the recurrent expenditure is only compound feed and also marginal cost of the antibiotics and vaccines which is to be supplied by the farmer. If we deduct the one time expenditure on buildings and equipments, the summary of profit comes out to be;
Profit = Income – Cost of feed– Contingency charges
Profit = Rs. 9000.00 – Rs. 2800.00 – Rs. 500.00
Profit = Rs. 5700.00/month/100 birds

So, from above it is clear that one marginal farmer can bring about prosperity to his house by rearing of broilers and can generate its own employment. Broiler farming on small scale proves to be beneficent for the village farmers.

Economic Traits of Broilers:

The factors or characteristics of broilers that influence profitability in broiler production are termed the economic traits of broilers. They are:
  • Body weight at market age;
  • Feed efficiency;
  • Liveability at market age;
  • Dressing yield.
Body weight at market age:

This is the average live weight of a broiler when sold to market. It is obtained by dividing the total weight of birds sold by the number of broilers. Since the broilers fetch a price based on their body weight, it is an advantage if the birds are heavy at an early market age (fast growing). The body weight at market age depends on many factors, and knowing these will enable the farmer to rear his birds more efficiently.

Feed efficiency:

The term indicates the quantity of feed required to raise the live body weight by one unit. Since feed involves 70 percent of the cost of production, feed efficiency or efficiency of feed conversion by the broilers, largely determines the profit margin. It is calculated as:

Feed efficiency = Quantity of feed consumed by a batch (kg)
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Total live weight of broilers marketed (kg)

For broilers, a feed efficiency of 2.00 i.e. two kg feed to one kg live body weight is considered optimal. The lower the feed efficiency value, the better it is for the farmer.

Liveability at market age:

Liveability = Number of birds alive at market age x 100
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Number of chicks purchased

Under standard rearing conditions, 96 percent liveability is anticipated at market age, since the mortality rate should not exceed 4 percent.

Dressing yield (percentage):

This is the proportion of edible meat to the total live weight, which varies from 72-76 percent. The strain of the bird, energy content of the diet, feeding and watering before slaughter and the length and time of transport are some of the factors that influence the dressing yield.

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Developed by :
Dr.Rahulpreet Singh
( M.V.Sc Scholar )		  Dr. Pranav Kumar
(Assistant Professor) 		Dr. Amandeep Singh
(M.V.Sc Scholar, IVRI )
Division of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R.S. Pura, SKUAST Jammu